Number System

Natural Numbers (N) are Counting numbers  - 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on. The smallest natural number is 1. Whole Numbers (W) are Natural numbers including 0 - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 , and son on. The smallest whole number is 0.

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Integers (I) are whole numbers including negatives of natural numbers.

Rational and Irrational numbers together constitute the system of real numbers.

Rational Numbers (Q): Number p/q is a rational number if p and q are integers and q ≠ 0. Every integer is a rational number but every rational number is not an integer. Every fraction is a rational number but vice-versa is not always true.

Decimal representation of rational numbers: Process of expressing a rational number into decimal form is to carry out the process of long division using decimal. Rational number is either a terminating decimal or a non-terminating repeating decimal.

Irrational numbers: A decimal expression which is neither terminating nor repeating represents an irrational number.

Exponent: The notation for writing the product of a number by itself several times. For example, a × a × a × a = a4. Here, a is base and 4 is exponent.

Prime factorisation: Any natural number other than 1, can be expressed as a product of power of prime numbers.